Jeera cultivation – India is not called a country full of diversities for no reason. Here the cuisine of every state is different, and spices have their own important contribution in Indian food. Cumin is the most commonly used spice in India. The aroma of cumin in food doubles the taste of food. That’s why cumin is used in making almost every type of dish in Indian food.
This spice called cumin not only enhances the taste of food but it is also very beneficial for your health, so you get many health benefits by consuming it. The cumin plant is known as Jeerak which is like a hand plant. The meaning of cumin can be applied to help in digestion of food. This is the reason why it is used extensively in Indian food.
Although all types of Indian spices are famous all over the world, but the demand for cumin always remains in the markets. There is hardly any house in India where you will not find cumin in spices. If cumin cultivation is done in modern way, then it can be able to earn you big money. That’s why today we are going to provide information related to cumin cultivation in this article. So that by doing this kind of business, the interested person can earn his big money.
What is the botanical name of cumin and its plant characteristics
botanical name of cumin plant Cuminum is cyminum and it is a flowering plant of the Apiaceae family. The seed produced from this plant is called cumin. The height of this plant is about 30 to 50 cm. and the seed produced on it is dried and separated from it. The stem of this plant has many branches and each branch has many sub-branches. And after the flowers bloom on these branches, seeds begin to form which are called cumin seeds.
Where is cumin cultivated in India?
According to a reliable figure, about 80% of the total cumin produced in India is produced in the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Which means that Gujarat is the leading state in the country in cumin production, while Rajasthan is the state that produces about 28% of the total cumin produced in the country.
In Gujarat, where 550 kg of cumin is produced per hectare of land, in Rajasthan, 380 kg of cumin is produced per hectare of land. Which simply means that the per hectare yield of cumin in Gujarat is much higher than that of Rajasthan. Apart from these two leading states, cumin is also cultivated in almost all other states.
Which vitamins and nutrients are found in cumin
Cumin is also used as a medicine in many types of diseases, it is an excellent anti-oxidant, which apart from reducing inflammation, also helps in relaxing the muscles. Many types of minerals and vitamins are found in it, among which fiber iron, copper, calcium, potassium, manganese, zinc, magnesium and vitamins E, A, C and B-complex etc. are prominent. This is the reason why the use of cumin is also told as a medicine in Ayurveda. But people know it better mainly as a spice, and understand its use better.
Some improved varieties of cumin for cumin cultivation
r z-19 : This variety is considered to be the highest yielding variety among cumin varieties in India, about 9-11 quintals of cumin crop can be grown on one hectare of land. This cumin crop gets ready in about 4-5 months i.e. 120-125 days. The specialty of this variety is that there are very few plant diseases like uprooting, scab and scorching.
r z- 209 , The seeds of this variety of cumin are coarse, but this variety can be grown only up to 7-8 quintals per hectare of land. Rest of it also gets ready within 4 to 5 months just like the above mentioned variety.
G C- 4 : The seeds of this variety of cumin are large in size, in one hectare of land this variety of cumin can be produced up to 7-9 quintals. This variety is more prone to wilt disease, and it matures within 105 to 110 days.
r z- 223 : Its seeds are of normal size and per hectare it can be produced up to 6 to 8 quintals, this variety is not prone to wilt disease and it also gets ready in 110 to 115 days.
Things to consider before starting cumin farming
- The weather suitable for sowing cumin is cold, so it should be sown between 1st November to 25th November. According to the experts, the month of November i.e. from 15th to 18th November is considered most suitable for its sowing.
- Sowing of cumin seeds should be done in a straight line, that is, there should be a distance of about 30 cm between cumin plants, so that later there is no problem in weeding, irrigation etc. of this crop.
- In the initial phase, cold and dry climate is considered suitable for cumin cultivation, but when the seed is about to be ready, then hot and dry climate is better for it.
- At the time of germination, the suitable temperature for cumin crop is considered to be between 10 degree to 30 degree.
- Cumin crop cannot be grown in areas where there is more moisture and frost, because there are more chances of diseases like scab and scorching on this crop.
- For its cultivation, sandy smooth sand or for loamy soil which has excess of organic matter and water does not stagnate in this soil is considered suitable. But despite this, cumin farming is done in all types of soil.
- Irrigation should not be done in this crop when cumin crop is about to ripen, before that use of fountain method is suitable for irrigation. If cumin is to be sown in a field this year, then cumin should not be sown in the same field next year, because it increases the chances of diseases in the crop.
How To Cultivate Cumin – Cumin Farming Business
You need land to start cumin farming business. If you have your own land, then you can do this farming in the same. But if you do not have land and you are considering starting this type of business, then if you want, you can lease the land for a long time. Can also take So let us know how such people who have their own land or land taken on lease can start cumin cultivation.
Provide the necessary manure and fertilizers to the farm
Before sowing cumin, cow dung manure is added to that field to prepare it for this crop. In the field where you want to cultivate cumin, if there is a problem of insects that can harm the crop, then for that, add 1.5% of cow dung manure or 20 to 25 kg of quinalphos per hectare of land and mix it well in the soil of the field. can go.
For this crop, if 10 to 15 tonnes of cow dung manure is added per hectare of land, then this crop does not require any other manure. Apart from this, 30 kg of nitrogen, 20 kg of phosphorus and 15 kg of potash are required per hectare of land for cumin cultivation.
prepare the farm
For the preparation of the field, you first have to drive a plow or tractor in the field, which is capable of digging the frozen soil. After that, when deep plowing is done in the field, then two to three plowing is required in it, this can be done by both native plow or tractor. Later, pate is used to level the field.
When the field is leveled for sowing the crop, then after that the process of making beds is started, generally for this, long beds of 7 to 8 feet are made, special care is taken of this while making the beds. Is that all the beds should be the same. This is necessary because it makes it easy to irrigate the crop, weeding, hoeing etc.
After the beds are prepared, the seed sowing process starts, and it consumes about 2 kg of seed per bigha. While doing this process, 2 grams of Carbendazim is used in 2 kg of seeds. An instrument called seed drill can be used for sowing in rows.
irrigate the crop
As soon as you have completed the sowing of cumin crop, this crop needs a light irrigation immediately after that. After this, this crop requires second irrigation after 8 to 10 days of sowing, so that cumin can germinate completely in the field. Third irrigation may be required after 8 to 10 days of second irrigation.
And after the completion of these three irrigations, irrigation needs to be done at an interval of 20 days until the seeds are formed in the cumin plant. But it should be kept in mind that when the cumin crop is about to ripen, it should not be irrigated.
stop weeds
Weeds can harm your cumin crop, so it is very important to take measures to prevent them. To keep this crop free from weeds, after its first irrigation, spraying of 1 kg pedimethalin weed killer should be done per hectare of land by mixing it with water. About 500 liters of water is added to this one kg medicine.
When this medicine is sprayed, a hoeing of the crop should be done after about a month, so that weeds are controlled in this crop.
harvest the crop
Normally cumin crop is ready within 120 to 125 days. But the thing to be kept in mind here is that until the cumin seed and plant turn brown, it should not be harvested. But when their color turns brown then this crop should be harvested. After cutting, the plants should be dried properly in the sun and then with the help of a thresher machine, after separating the seeds, cumin seeds should be filled with boron etc. and stored.
Cost and profit of cumin cultivation
You can produce about 7 to 8 quintals of cumin in one hectare of land by choosing any of the varieties of cumin grown in India. According to other information, it costs about 35 to 40 thousand rupees to cultivate cumin on one hectare of land.
The price of cumin in retail is more than 150 rupees per kg, if you sell it in wholesale for 110 or 120 rupees per kg, then you will be able to earn a profit of 40 to 45 thousand rupees per hectare of production.
conclusion –
Cumin is a major spice in Indian spices, that is why you will find it in almost every kitchen. Cumin is cultivated more or less in almost every state in India, but Gujarat and Rajasthan are the leading states in its production. So no matter which state of India you belong to, if you are serious about starting this business. So you can start Jeera Farming Business by taking advantage of the information given by us.
